45. Case Report: COVID Myocarditis – Cleveland Clinic

CardioNerds (Amit Goyal & Daniel Ambinder) discuss a case report of COVID myocarditis and cardiogenic shock with Dr. Travis Howard and Dr. Zach Il'Giovine, cardiology fellows at the Cleveland Clinic. Dr. Nir Uriel, Professor of Medicine at Columbia University and Director of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital Network in New York joins to discuss COVID-19 myocarditis and management of cardiogenic shock. The CardioNerds Cardiology Case Reports series shines light on the hidden curriculum of medical storytelling. We learn together while discussing fascinating cases in this fun, engaging, and educational format. Each episode ends with an “Expert CardioNerd Perspectives & Review” (E-CPR) for a nuanced teaching from a content expert. We truly believe that hearing about a patient is the singular theme that unifies everyone at every level, from the student to the professor emeritus. Check out the Cardionerds Cardiology Case Reports Topic Page Check out the Cardionerds Topics and Episode page for all podcast episodesSupport our educational mission by becoming a Patron! Case Summary Healthy and physically fit incarcerated 49M who presents with 2 weeks of fevers, myalgias, and SOB. His past medical history includes GSW to abdomen, psoriasis not currently on medications, prior tobacco and alcohol abuse. Transferred for undifferentiated shock on norepinephrine, and was found to be in sinus tachycardia to 110 bpm, hypotensive despite vasopressor infusions with labs showing a hyperinflammatory state, multi-organ failure, and eventually found to be COVID+. The patient quickly progressed into refractory cardiogenic shock requiring VA-EMCO, as well as Impella placement for LV unloading. The patient underwent endomyocardial biopsy with electron microscopy which was notable for COVID virions in the myocardium and was diagnosed with COVID myocarditis. Interestingly, his chest CT showed normal lung parenchyma and therefore presented as isolated cardiac involvement of COVID-19. The patient improved with tocilizumab, IVIG, and steroids. Episode Producer: Colin Blumenthal, MDMedical Education Mentor: Karan Desai, MD Episode graphic by Dr. Carine Hamo The CardioNerds 5! - 5 major takeaways from the #CNCR case Diagnose Cardiogenic Shock at the Bedside! Exam: Narrow Pulse Pressure, Labored Breathing, Cheyne-Stokes Respirations, Abdominal Bloating/Nausea, Cool Extremities, Oliguria, Altered Mental Status If PAC available, low central (PA) mixed venous saturation (<55-60%) suggestive* of cardiogenic shock COVID-19 can cause myocardial injury through several mechanisms Ischemic - Supply/Demand Mismatch, Acute Plaque Rupture Nonischemic - Stress Cardiomyopathy, Lymphocytic Infiltration, Direct Viral Cardiomyocyte Injury, Bystander Injury from Systemic Inflammation Different forms of mechanical support give varying levels of cardiac output and pulmonary support Consider VA-ECMO in refractory cardiogenic shock, especially if there is evidence of biventricular failure +/- pulmonary compromise VA-ECMO may require "LV unloading" when there is high afterload leading to pulmonary congestion and/or stasis of blood flow in the LV Myocarditis Infographic https://twitter.com/CBlumenthal2/status/1295043817855475715?s=20 References Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Non-invasive imaging in the diagnosis of acute viral myocarditis Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness: The ESCAPE Trial Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices for Cardiogenic Shock: State of the Art Left ventricular distension and venting strategies for patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Preliminary Report Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients With Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial Resources: CardioNerds Myocarditis page https://www.cardionerds.com/episodes/myocarditis/ Talking Tall Rounds Epsiode https://my.clevelandclinic.org/podcasts/cardiac-consult/talking-tall-rounds-covid-19-related-myocarditis Tall Rounds Conference http://consultqdlive.mediaspace.kaltura.com/media/0_7llcuh5t Colin Blumenthal, MDKaran Desai, MDAmit Goyal, MDDaniel Ambinder, MD