About this episode
Part 2 of how NUTRITION has a HUGE impact on your BRAIN! Everything in your brain is something you ate, something you made from something you ate, or, in a few cases, something your mother ate. Nutrition impacts your mental and emotional health, the function of your five senses, and your conscious and unconscious control over your body movements. Join me as I lead you in a safari through the textbook, "Neuroscience," pointing out along the way all the interesting connections to nutrition. Listen in for part 2 on the NEUROTRANSMITTERS! Get all four episodes right now, ad-free, and with transcripts. Sign up for the CMJ Masterpass at https://chrismasterjohnphd.com/masterpass . Use the code LITE10 to get 10% off. To make it easier to get the discount, use this link, which has the coupon already activated: https://masterpass.chrismasterjohnphd.com/cmj-masterpass/2200/buy?coupon=LITE10 This episode is brought to you by Ancestral Supplements' "Living" Collagen. Our Native American ancestors believed that eating the organs from a healthy animal would support the health of the corresponding organ of the individual. Ancestral Supplements has a nose-to-tail product line of grass-fed liver, organs, "living" collagen, bone marrow and more... in the convenience of a capsule. For more information or to buy any of their products, go to https://chrismasterjohnphd.com/ancestral This episode is brought to you by Ample. Ample is a meal-in-a-bottle that takes a total of two minutes to prepare, consume, and clean up. It provides the right balance of nutrients needed for a single meal, all from a blend of natural ingredients. Ample is available in original, vegan, and keto versions, portioned as either 400 or 600 calories per meal. I'm an advisor to Ample, and I use it to save time when I'm working on major projects on a tight schedule. Head to https://amplemeal.com and enter the promo code "CHRIS15" at checkout for a 15% discount off your first order." In this episode, you will find all of the following and more: Nutrition in Neuroscience Show Notes 00:36 Cliff Notes 10:15 Overview of neurotransmitters 12:55 Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter. 20:08 De novo glutamate in the central nervous system is overwhelmingly made from glucose. 22:55 Ketogenic diet for epilepsy 26:12 Glutamate metabolism 29:42 There are two classes of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic. 30:45 There are three classes of metabotropic glutamate receptors, their actions are complex and variable, and they can be excitatory or inhibitory. 31:04 The ionotropic glutamate receptors include AMPA receptors, NMDA receptors, and kainite receptors, all of which have a depolarizing effect by allowing sodium and potassium to flow freely through them. 33:47 Four unique things about the NMDA receptor: magnesium is required to block its ion channel, it's important for coincidence detection, it allows calcium to come into the cell, and it has a glycine-binding site. 39:16 Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are important for forming memories, and glutamate receptors play an important role. 46:48 GABA and glycine are the two primary inhibitory neurotransmitters of the central nervous system. 50:04 GABA and presumably glycine can be stimulatory if there is more chloride on the inside of the neuron than the outside. 54:52 Evidence that GABA might cross the blood-brain barrier 57:43 GABA in foods 01:00:14 GABA metabolism in the nervous system 01:02:07 Glycine 01:08:01 Acetylcholine 01:13:49 The biogenic amines include histamine, serotonin, and the catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine). 01:14:30 Synthesis of the catecholamines 01:16:45 Dopamine 01:20:07 Norepinephrine 01:22:31 Histamine 01:26:14 Serotonin 01:29:10 ATP and adenosine 01:32:37 Peptide neurotransmitters 01:32:59 Hypothalamic releasing hormones include thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 01:35:14 Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) 01:35:31 Oxytocin 01:36:18 Vasopressin 01:36:56 Synthesis of the neuropeptides Substance P, MSH, oxytocin, and vasopressin requires glycine, zinc, copper, and vitamin C. 01:40:23 Endocannabinoids and the importance of arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA