Talos Takes

In this episode of Talos Takes, Amy is joined by William Largent (Cisco Talos) and Lou Stella (Splunk) for a "double-header" discussion. With the recent release of the Cisco Talos 2025 Year in Review and the Splunk Top 50 Cybersecurity Threats report, we’re breaking down the most critical trends that shaped the security landscape last year — all based on Cisco telemetry, Talos' original research, and Talos Incident Response engagements.From the professionalization of ransomware-as-a-service to the persistent challenge of decade-old vulnerabilities, this episode moves beyond the headlines to provide a practical roadmap for defenders. You’ll get tips on how to prioritize your defenses and reduce your attack surface for the year ahead.Talos 2025 Year in Review: https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2025yearinreview/Splunk Top 50 Cybersecurity Threats: https://www.splunk.com/en_us/campaigns/top-50-security-threats.html

In this episode of Talos Takes, David Bianco from Cisco Foundation AI joins Amy to demystify the world of proactive cyber defense. We explore the evolution of the PEAK Threat Hunting framework and talk through how security teams can modernize their approach to identifying risks before they escalate. David also provides an exclusive look at a new open-source tool designed to help hunters navigate the "prepare" phase of PEAK with ease. Whether you are building a new program from scratch or looking to refine your existing strategy, take a listen for actionable advice to help you take that next step in your security journey.PEAK Threat Hunting Assistant: https://blogs.cisco.com/security/introducing-peak-threat-hunting-assistantGitHub: https://github.com/cisco-foundation-ai/PEAK-Assistant

Service providers are the backbone of modern connectivity — but why are they such attractive targets for cyber actors, and what happens when critical networks go down? In this episode, Martin Lee joins Amy to explore the shifting threat landscape for service providers, asking how defenders can spot silent intrusions, what trade-offs must be considered when patching, and how industry collaboration helps prevent widespread disruptions. Join us as we unpack real-world examples and offer practical insights into protecting the infrastructure that keeps our world connected.Video: Footholds in Infrastructure: Protecting Service Providers

What separates organizations that successfully fend off ransomware from those that don’t? What were the top threats facing organizations? Can we (pretty please) get a sneak peek into the 2025 Year in Review?Amy is joined by Dave Liebenberg, Strategic Analysis Team Lead, to break down key findings from Q4 2025's Cisco Talos Incident Response Quarterly Trends Report. From the top threats facing organizations — like the persistent exploitation of public-facing applications and the rise of new vulnerabilities such as Oracle EBS and React2Shell — to the unexpected drop in ransomware cases, this episode is packed with useful info. Episode resources:Q4 2025 Quarterly Trends Report: https://blog.talosintelligence.com/ir-trends-q4-2025/Qilin blog: https://blog.talosintelligence.com/uncovering-qilin-attack-methods-exposed-through-multiple-cases/Cybersecurity on a Budget blog: https://blog.talosintelligence.com/cybersecurity-on-a-budget-strategies-for-an-economic-downturn/

Step into the fascinating world of cryptography. Host Amy Ciminnisi sits down with Yuri Kramarz from Cisco Talos Incident Response and Tim Wadhwa-Brown from Cisco Customer Experience to learn what encryption really accomplishes, where it leaves gaps, and when defenders need to take proactive measures.Whether you’re picturing classic codebreakers or the latest quantum-proof ciphers, this episode unpacks the essentials: what encryption and hashing actually mean, why key management is a make-or-break factor, and how even the best algorithms can fall short if the basics aren’t handled right.G7's "Coordinating the Transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography in the Financial Sector" roadmap: https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0355

Get ready for a brand-new era of Talos Takes! In the first episode of the year, Amy Ciminnisi, Talos’ Content Manager and new podcast host, steps up to the mic with Joe Marshall to explore certifications, one of cybersecurity’s overwhelming (and sometimes most controversial) topics. We dive into the world of vendor-specific and vendor-agnostic certs, the value they can bring to your career, and the barriers people often face to getting certified.Whether you’re a newcomer facing the sea of choices and feeling some analysis paralysis or a seasoned pro plotting your next move, this episode may just motivate you to tackle your next certification with confidence.Cybersecurity certification roadmap: https://pauljerimy.com/security-certification-roadmap/

In this special, end-of-year episode (and Hazel’s final show as host) Talos Takes goes on a time-travel adventure: What would a defender from 2015 think of the cybersecurity realities of 2025? Joined by Talos teammates Pierre Cadieux, Alex Ryan, and Joe Marshall, we compare the threats, tools, and challenges of 2015 with those of 2025. The team recalls where they were in their careers a decade ago, then dives deep into how ransomware has evolved, how APTs and state sponsored attacks have shifted, and why identity has become the new battleground for attackers and defenders alike. They discuss the impact of AI on both sides of the security equation, share what they miss from “the good old days,” of 2015, and offer practical advice for defenders facing the challenges of 2026 and beyond.

What happens when your to-do list keeps growing but your budget doesn’t? Hazel is joined by three Cisco Talos Incident Response experts to talk about the reality many organizations face: rising threats, aging infrastructure, and fewer people to defend it all.From configuring what you already have, to open-source strategies, to the impact of cybersecurity layoffs, this episode is packed with practical guidance for securing your organization during an economic downturn.Resources mentioned:https://blog.talosintelligence.com/cybersecurity-on-a-budget-strategies-for-an-economic-downturn/https://blogs.cisco.com/news/doubling-down-on-resilient-infrastructurehttps://talosintelligence.com/incident_response

In this episode of Talos Takes Hazel sits down with Talos' Bill Largent and Craig Jackson to discuss the latest Cisco Talos Incident Response Quarterly Trends Report (Q3 2025). From a wave of Toolshell events, to a rise in post-exploitation phishing, and the misuse of legitimate tools like Velociraptor, this quarter’s cases all point to a theme: attackers are getting very good at living off what’s already in your environment. Read the full report at https://blog.talosintelligence.com/ir-trends-q3-2025/

On this episode of Talos Takes, Hazel welcomes Cisco Duo experts Steven Leung and Tess Mishoe to bust the most common myths around passwordless security and multi-factor authentication (MFA). Discover why not all MFA is created equal, why passwordless doesn't mean less security, and the most seamless way to adopt passwordless solutions. Plus, learn the truth about how passwordless may affect compliance and audits, and whether passwordless really is more vulnerable to phishing.

Every October, Cybersecurity Awareness Month brings a wave of tips: update your software, enable MFA, use strong passwords. But what good is any of that if the people behind the defenses are feeling burned out?In this episode of Talos Takes, Hazel sits down with Joe Marshall for a candid, vulnerable conversation about the human cost of cybersecurity. Joe opens up about his experience during the VPNFilter campaign — months of secrecy, long hours, immense pressure, and the trauma it left behind. Hazel shares her own journey with burnout, and together they talk about how to recognise the warning signs.They close with practical steps: building a personal “incident response playbook” that includes boundaries, peer support, and self-care. Because at the end of the day, you can’t patch a system if you're burned out.

Imagine downloading a PDF Editor tool from the internet that works great...until nearly two months later, when it quietly steals your credentials. That’s the reality of “Tampered Chef,” a malvertising campaign that preyed on users searching for everyday software.In this episode, Nick Biasini explains how cybercriminals are investing in "malvertising", why enterprises are prime targets, and why there are additional challenges when it comes to defending against time-delayed attacks.

How do you build and defend a network where attacks are not just expected-they're part of the curriculum? In this episode, Hazel talks with Jessica Oppenheimer, Director of Security Operations at Cisco, about the ten years she's spent in the Black Hat Network Operations Center (NOC).Explore the technical challenges of segmenting and monitoring a network designed for experimentation, live hacking, and hands-on training, including how malicious and benign behaviors are distinguished in real time. Jessica shares how the NOC leverages Cisco technologies like the new machine learning-powered SnortML engine to detect zero-days, outliers, and advanced attack patterns that traditional rule sets miss.Learn how automation, contextual analysis, and collaborative response drive decision-making in this high-stakes environment, and how those lessons now influence security at global events like the Olympics and the Super Bowl.For more details, check out the Cisco blog wrap detailing all our Black Hat NOC activity https://blogs.cisco.com/security/bhusa-2025-noc

Hazel is joined by threat intelligence researcher James Nutland to discuss Cisco Talos’ latest findings on the newly emerged Chaos ransomware group. Based on real-world incident response engagements, James breaks down Chaos’ fast, multi-threaded encryption, their use of social engineering and remote access tools like Quick Assist, and the group’s likely connections to former BlackSuit operators. James also shares what defenders should be watching for and how to stay ahead of evolving ransomware tactics.Read the full research blog: https://blog.talosintelligence.com/new-chaos-ransomware

Attackers are increasingly abusing the same remote access tools that IT teams rely on every day. In this episode, Hazel sits down with Talos security researcher Pierre Cadieux to unpack why these legitimate tools have become such an effective tactic for adversaries.Pierre explains how the flexibility, legitimacy, and built-in capabilities of remote access management tools make them ideal for attackers who want to stay under the radar. They discuss trends Talos Incident Response is seeing in the field, examples of commonly abused tools, and the challenges defenders face when trying to detect misuse.You'll also hear practical advice on what defenders and IT teams can do today to better secure their environments — and what the rise of remote access management tool abuse tells us about attacker behavior and the current state of cybercrime.Resources mentioned:Talos Incident Response Quarterly Trends ReportWhen Legitimate Tools Go Rogue (Talos Blog)

Hazel welcomes back Ryan Fetterman from the SURGe team to explore his new research on how large language models (LLMs) can assist those who work in security operations centers to identify malicious PowerShell scripts. From teaching LLMs through examples, to using retrieval-augmented generation and fine-tuning specialized models, Ryan walks us through three distinct approaches, with surprising performance gains. For the full research, head to https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/guiding-llms-with-security-context.html

Chetan Raghuprasad joins Hazel to discuss his threat hunting research into fake AI tool installers, which criminals are using to distribute ransomware, RATS, stealers and other destructive malware. He discusses the attack chain of three different campaigns, including one which even tries to justify its ransom as "humanitarian aid."For the full research, read Chetan's blog at https://blog.talosintelligence.com/fake-ai-tool-installers/

Edmund Brumaghin joins Hazel to discuss how threat actors (including state sponsored attackers), are increasingly compartmentalizing their attacks i.e they're bringing in specialist skillsets from other groups to handle different aspects of the attack chain. Edmund discusses why this is happening, and the challenges this poses for defenders when it comes to attribution and reporting. He then discusses several solutions which seek to evolve traditional threat modelling, and help provide clarity to defenders.More details can be found in this blog https://blog.talosintelligence.com/compartmentalized-threat-modeling/If you're interested in our other blog on initial access groups, that can be found at https://blog.talosintelligence.com/redefining-initial-access-brokers/

In this episode, Hazel welcomes Talos researcher Ashley Shen to discuss the evolution of initial access brokers (IABs) and the importance of distinguishing between different types of IABs. We talk about the need for a new taxonomy to categorize IABs into three types: financially motivated (FIA), state-sponsored (SIA), and opportunistic (OIA) initial access groups. This taxonomy aims to improve threat modeling and defense strategies by providing a clearer understanding of the motivations and behaviors of different IABs. For more details, check out the blog that Ashley co-authored with other Talos researchers https://blog.talosintelligence.com/redefining-initial-access-brokers/

A jam packed episode of guests means a slightly longer Talos Takes for your feed today! We welcome Amy Chang and Omar Santos from Cisco, Vitor Ventura from Talos, and Ryan Fetterman from Splunk. Together, we discuss how AI isn't rewriting the cybercrime playbook, but it is turbo charging some of the old tricks, particularly on the social engineering side. We also touch on threat actor-built LLMs and where things may be headed. We then talk about how defensive strategies can leverage AI, particularly in the SOC, to increase visibility and make determinations a lot quicker. Resources mentioned in the episode:Talos' 2024 Year in ReviewCisco's State of AI Security reportDefending at machine speed, by Splunk

Steven Leung from Cisco Duo joins Hazel to discuss the prevalence of identity-based attacks, why they're happening, and the various methods attackers are using to circumvent MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication), based on data in Talos' 2024 Year in Review. Topics we touch on include phishing, push spray attacks, and Adversary-in-the Middle campaigns, and throughout the episode Steven provides best practice recommendations for implementing MFA at scale, without increasing user friction.For more resources, check out the Duo blog, and Talos' 2024 Year in Review.

Azim Khodjibaev and Lexi DiScola join Hazel to discuss some of the most prolific ransomware groups (and why LockBit may end this year very differently to how they ended 2024). They also discuss the dominant techniques of ransomware actors, where low-profile tactics led to high-impact consequences.For the full analysis, download Talos' 2024 Year in Review at https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2024yearinreview/

Talos researchers Martin Lee and Thorsten Rosendahl join Hazel for the first of our dedicated episodes on the top findings from Talos' 2024 Year in Review. We discuss the vulnerabilities that attackers most targeted, how this compares with CISA's list, and how to protect network devices. Given how email lures are evolving, we spend some time chatting about how the current world news cycle may play into adversary's campaign cycles. And finally we touch on how to spot signs that your own sysadmin tools may be being used against you. For the full report, head to https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2024yearinreview/

Have you ever wondered what it takes to put on a major event like a World Cup or the Olympics, and all the cybersecurity and threat intelligence that needs to be done beforehand? Today’s episode is all about that. Hazel is joined by one of our global Cisco Talos Incident Response leaders, Yuri Kramarz, who has helped some of the biggest events around the world take place securely.We chat about risk factors, focus areas such as endpoint protection, threat hunting and incident response, and what to do in the hours and minutes leading up to the event.Check out the document we mention - a full blueprint on how to protect major events:https://blog.talosintelligence.com/protecting-major-events-blueprint-october-2024-update/

In this episode Hazel chats with Omid Mirzaei, a security research lead in the email threat research team at Cisco Talos. Omid and several Talos teammates recently released a blog on hidden text salting (or poisoning) within emails and how attackers are increasingly using this technique to evade detection, confuse email scanners, and essentially try and get phishing emails to land in people’s inboxes. Hidden text salting is a simple yet effective technique for bypassing email parsers, confusing spam filters, and evading detection engines that rely on keywords. The idea is to include some characters into the HTML source of an email that are not visually recognizable.For more, head to the Talos blog

It's an European takeover this week, as Hazel sits down with Talos EMEA threat researchers Martin Lee and Thorsten Rosendahl. They're heading to Cisco Live EMEA next week (February 9-14) to deliver a four hour session on how to establish a threat intelligence program. If you can't make it - here's a 15 minute version! Thorsten and Martin provide best practices for threat intelligence, the different flavors of it (tactical, operational, and strategic), and the significance of curiosity and learning from failures.If you haven't already, check out Martin's introductory course to threat intelligence in collaboration with Cisco’s Networking Academy. This course is free for all, and is intended to give an overview of the domain for someone without prior knowledge which can be used as a starting point for further study or employment.

Joe Marshall and Craig Jackson join Hazel to discuss the biggest takeaways from Cisco Talos Incident Response's latest Quarterly Trends report. This time the spotlight is on web shells and targeted web applications – both have seen large increases. There’s a brand new ransomware actor on the scene – we’ll talk about the new Interlock ransomware and how we’ve seen this group show up this quarter. Plus, Talos IR observed threat actors using remote tooling in 100% of ransomware incidents this quarter – that’s a significant uptick. For the full report head to blog.talosintelligence.com/talos-ir-trends-q4-2024/

Hazel sits down with Vanja Svajcer from Talos' threat research team. Vanja is a prolific malware hunter and this time he's here to talk about vulnerable Windows drivers. We've been covering these drivers quite a bit on the Talos blog over the last year, and during our research we investigated classes of vulnerabilities typically exploited by threat actors as well as the payloads they typically deploy post-exploitation. The attacks in which attackers are deliberately installing known vulnerable drivers only to later exploit them is a technique referred to as Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD). If you're curious about this topic and the recommendations our team has to help you address vulnerable drivers in your environment, then this episode is for you. The full research can be found at https://blog.talosintelligence.com/exploring-vulnerable-windows-drivers/

Ransomware is 35 years old this month, which isn't exactly something to celebrate. But in any case, do join Hazel and special guest Martin Lee to discuss what happened in the very first ransomware incident in December 1989 and why IT "wasn't ready". They then discuss how ransomware evolved to become the criminal entity it is today, which involves looking back on the likes of SamSam, Maze and the emergence of crypto currencies. Plus, learn why Martin says we shouldn't feel powerless in the face of ransomware.

Chetan Raghuprasad is our guest today as he breaks down the relatively new Interlock ransomware attack. Cisco Talos Incident Response recently observed this attacker conducting big-game hunting and double extortion attacks. Chetan talks about the initial access tactics, deployment of the ransomware encryptor, and how Interlock communicates with its victims using their “Worldwide Secrets Blog”.For the full analysis, head to https://blog.talosintelligence.com/emerging-interlock-ransomware/

What happens when two sets of threat researchers from Talos and Splunk's SURGe team meet? Aside from some highly controversial opinions and omissions about the best horror movie, the team discuss what security trends are FUD, and what's actually fearful/ most challenging at the moment. Also, what is the security industry not aware of enough, and also too aware of? Plus some thoughts on cybersecurity awareness training and how we can do better. This is a great conversation facilitated by SURGe's Mick Baccio, with Joe Marshall and Nick Biasini from Talos, and Tamara Chacon and Audra Streetman from SURGe.Catch up on all the latest and greatest threat research from our friends at SURGe at https://www.splunk.com/en_us/surge.html

The Talos IR Quarterly Trends Q3 2024 is out now! In this episode Hazel Burton, Craig Jackson and Bill Largent discuss three big themes: some new ransomware players, the 'Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver' trend, and why password spray attacks are making a comeback. Check out the full report at https://blog.talosintelligence.com/incident-response-trends-q3-2024/

Hazel Burton steps in as guest host this week to talk to Brad Garnett, the head of Cisco Talos Incident Response, and JK Lialias, the head of cybersecurity product marketing for Splunk. Brad and JK share two exciting in which Talos is being incorporated into Splunk now, and what that means for the ways we can keep users more secure. They also talk about what better visibility into attacker trends means for the end user and defenders.

James Nutland from Talos' Threat Intelligence team joins the show this week to talk to Jon about his report on the BlackByte ransomware group. They cover why this group is actually more active than we initially thought, and check on the general state of ransomware at this point in 2024.

It's quite the gang for Talos Takes this week with Joe Marshall, Nick Biasini and Mick Baccio (from Splunk's SURGe team) joining Jon this week to recap Black Hat and DEF CON. They share all the conversations and talking points they heard around AI, and the renewed importance of a software bill of goods for industrial control system environments.

He's been here since the beginning, and now he's ready to reflect on the past 10 years of Cisco Talos. Matt Watchinski, the Vice President of Talos for Cisco, joins Jon this week to talk about Talos' recently celebrated 10th birthday and talk about the company's origins, how we've managed to balance growth and culture, and his favorite memories from the past 10 years.

People who maintain, create and update open-source software are the unsung heroes of the internet. Their work keeps much of our networks running on a daily basis, and the vast majority of them do it for free! While there are some security pitfalls that can come with using OS software, Martin Lee and Jon get together to discuss what (if anything) we can be doing to better support OS software, and how to make our networks more resilient against vulnerabilities that can arise in these tools.

Hazel Burton guest hosts this week to recap the top threats observed by Cisco Talos Incident Response (Talos IR) in the second quarter of 2024. She’s then joined by Talos’ Joe Marshall and Craig Jackson to pick out some of the most interesting stories from the report.

Joe Marshall, Talos' resident ICS and IoT expert, and Pierre Cadieux from Talos Incident Response join Jon this week to discuss data breaches. Between Snowflake, AT&T, Ticketmaster and more, we should probably assume our data has been part of a leak somewhere. So what steps should you take to prepare for this inevitability? Or what should you do when you get a data breach notification from a company?

Fresh off an analysis of the 14 most active ransomware groups, James Nutland joins Jon this week to discuss his findings. They talk about the most common TTPs shared among these groups, and the potential outliers among these gangs and how they try to infect victims. For more on this topic, watch the inaugural episode of "The Talos Threat Perspective."

Over 160 companies have been affected by a data breach at data storage company Snowflake, including Ticketmaster, Nieman Marcus and more. But the issue wasn't a security vulnerability or some sophisticated malware — it was just someone who exposed their login credentials at a different company. Host Jon Munshaw got Pierre Cadieux from Talos IR and Nick Biasini from Talos Outreach to discuss the follow-on breaches that have resulted from this and the lessons we can learn about making our login credentials more secure.

You may think a DDoS attack is so early aughts. But some of the largest attacks of this type have occurred in just the past few years. Talos recently updated our advice for how to best mitigate and prepare for this threat, so Aliza Johnson from Talos' Threat Intelligence & Interdiction team joins the show this week to discuss her recent findings and hacktivists' trends around using this threat.

Anna Bennett, one of Talos' threat hunters, joins the show this week to talk about one of her recent findings — the LilacSquid APT. This is a newly discovered threat actor that Talos found hiding on networks for months and years at a time, silently stealing sensitive information the entire time. Anna discusses LilacSquid's activities, potential motivations, and how they overlap with North Korean APTs.

The Volt Typhoon threat actor is one of the longest-running cybersecurity storylines this year. The Chinese state-sponsored actor has already been accused of a range of attacks, specifically targeting critical infrastructure and U.S. military bases. Since it's been a few months without any new developments with this group, we thought it'd be a good idea to check in with Talos' Threat Intelligence and Interdiction team on what's going on with this actor, and if they're up to anything new.

Inspired by his quotes in a recent CNBC article, Jon Munshaw wanted to have Martin Lee on the show this week to discuss AI and how adversaries can use these tools to create deepfakes and disinformation. Martin shares why he thinks the threats of increasing fake news with the advent of AI tools are a bit overblown, and how the dangers in spreading fake news come more from text-based posts than any deepfake video or audio. If you'd like to learn more about how to detect potential deepfake videos or fake news articles, check out the additional resources here and here.

Nicole Hoffman, fresh off her trip to the RSA Conference, joins host Jon Munshaw this week to talk about her major takeaways from the week in San Francisco. Nicole talks about how most of the discussions on the floor centered around AI, and what lessons other defenders are learning from some of our past mistakes. If you'd like to check out Nicole's other work, buy her children's cybersecurity books on Amazon.

Joey Chen from Talos' Outreach team is here to tell us all about his research into the CoralRaider threat actor. He's helped write two posts on the recently discovered APT, disclosing new information about how this Vietnamese-based actor is targeting login credentials. After stealing those credentials, they go on to try and sell them on the dark web, or use them to try and brute force their way into more important accounts. Joey discusses what this actor is really after, and why they've been growing so quickly.

Hazel Burton steps in to host this week's episode as we cover the recent Cisco Talos Incident Response Quarterly Trends Report from the first quarter of this year. Hazel talks to different Talosians to find out why business email compromise is on the rise, how attackers are bypassing MFA, and more.

After a recent spike in brute force attempts targeting SSH and VPN services, we felt it was a good time to give listeners a lesson on brute force attacks. Nick Biasini joins host Jon Munshaw this week to discuss the basics of these methods, how administrators can protect their accounts, and other potential defense mechanisms (or whether to just take passwords out of the equation entirely).

Apple now must allow users to be able to sideload apps onto their phones or access third-party app stores, thanks to a law from the European Union that went into effect earlier this year. Terryn Valikodath from Cisco Talos Incident Response joins Jon this week to discuss the potential dangers that come with allowing users to sideload apps onto their devices, and how attackers may take advantage of this new opening.