Jane Mayer, David Grann, and Patrick Radden Keefe on the Importance of a Good Villain.

During the 2023 New Yorker Festival, three legendary staff writers got together to discuss the craft of investigative journalism: digging for information like detectives, and then presenting it in a way to rival the best thrillers. For each of these writers, the “bad guy” —whose actions usually set the story in motion – needs to be presented in three dimensions; trusting the reader to grapple with that person’s perspective is key to an engrossing story. “I look at these big, boring issues often, like economic inequality or corruption in politics,” Jane Mayer says. “You take a subject like campaign finance – the Citizens United decision and how it’s corrupted politics. If you can find somebody like [Charles or David] Koch and explain there actually was a billionaire behind so much of this, and he has a story, and he has a family, and there are always screwed-up fathers and sons involved in these families. . . . It means that you’re able to explain the ethical choices people make.” Mayer is best known for her book “ Dark Money ,” about the Koch brothers; David Grann wrote “ Killers of the Flower Moon ” and “ The Wager ,” both best-sellers ; and Patrick Radden Keefe covered the Sackler family’s opioid dynasty in “ Empire of Pain ,” and a murder during the Troubles in Northern Ireland in “ Say Nothing .” They were joined by their editor, The New Yorker’s Daniel Zalewski .